G. S. Evans
EGS (Asia) Ltd, Singapore

J. P. Byous.
General Offshore Corporation Inc., USA

Planning for Route Security - The Shore End Dilemma 2

Abstract
Amidst the unprecedented levels of activity currently seen in planning and constructing ultra high capacity submarine cable systems to meet the insatiable demand for increased capacity, carriers more than ever are focussed on system security. While much of this focus is concentrated on cable protection on the continental shelf where statistically most damage to cables occur, many of the challenges to system security are found at or along the approaches to the shore end.

This paper examines the dilemma posed by more stringent cable protection requirements under the prevailing risk averse competitive turnkey contracting environment, and the need for specialist route survey and installation procedures at shore ends and shore approaches. The following key issues are addressed:

	Comparative analysis of cable faults near shore, continental shelf and deep water.
	Assessment of typical problems encountered during shore end installation and how they can be avoided.
	The role and responsibility of the system planner in landing site selection.
	The route survey, its role and ability to identify and predict installation problems at the shore end.
	Optimisation in the application of investigative tools, technologies and procedures to improve the effectiveness of the shore end survey.
	Installation technology and the role of the specialist shore end installer.
	Responsibilities of system owners.